Taxi Driver Essay Research Paper Taxi Driver free essay sample

Cab Driver Essay, Research Paper Cab Driver explores the psychological lunacy within an haunted, distorted, lonely single, who misdirectedly lashes out with defeated choler and power like an exploding clip bomb at the universe which has alienated him. Travis Bickle ( Robert De Niro ) , an puzzling, loner enters into the forces office of a cab company. He applies as a driver in the cab company to drive the cab dark displacement, because he is an sleepless person: # 8220 ; I can # 8217 ; t kip darks # 8221 ; and he finds nil meaningful to make during the yearss. As a curative solution to his life, Bickle even offers to work Jewish vacations and sit into the metropolis # 8217 ; s sleaziest countries # 8211 ; he explains that he might every bit good acquire paid for rolling around the metropolis. Through the conversations between the employer and Bickle it is revealed that Bickle is a accredited chauffeur, healthy 26-year-old ex-marine who got an honest discharge. We will write a custom essay sample on Taxi Driver Essay Research Paper Taxi Driver or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He ends up acquiring the occupation and the film jumps to his an flat. The flat looked trashed and dirty. Once in the flat De Niro narrates about how foul and dirty the streets are and that he s doing reasonably good money but more significantly remaining busy. He is disgusted by the universe and it s sleaziness and provinces that One twenty-four hours a existent rain will come and rinse all this scum off the streets. Bickle works long hours sometimes from 6pm to 8am and while working is really disgusted by the metropolis. In his free clip though he represents everything that he hates about the metropolis. He goes to the ternary x theater and even attempts to pick up the grant base worker. As he narrates he tells of how he is seeking to happen his ain individuality in the crowded metropolis. Then one twenty-four hours, out of the humdrum, walks a miss in which Bickle develops a terrible crush. He observes her from afar sing her as an untouchable dream miss. A few yearss base on balls and Bickle gathers the bravery to walk confidently in to the run central office, of presidential campaigner Charles Palatine, where his crush, Betsy ( played by Cybil Sheppard ) works. He says he wants to volunteer in order to speak to her and when she says ok he tells her that he is non truly interested in volunteering but wants to take her out for java and pie. She agrees and tells him to be back at 4pm that twenty-four hours. The day of the month went good and he called her and got her to travel to the films with him on his twenty-four hours off a twosome of yearss subsequently. In the following scene, Bickle s fare gets in and he recognizes him as presidential campaigner Palantine who he realizes had been in his cab before with a Hooker. When Bickle asks if he is in fact Charles Palantin e, Palantine says yes and asks Bickle what he thinks the biggest job of the state is? Bickle states that he disgusted with the crud and sleaziness of the metropolis and provinces really honestly that it needs to be cleaned up. The following twenty-four hours Bickle ended up taking Betsy to his typical haunt, the ternary x theatre down the street. She was discerning at first but went in anyhow. Less than 30 seconds into the film she got highly offended and left really ferocious. Despite Bickle s many efforts to accommodate his crush crushed him. This was a existent oculus opener into Bickle s head because as narrated he provinces his disgust towards adult females and even calls them a brotherhood. After Palantine gets out, a immature cocotte leaps into his cab and says to acquire her out of here. Bickle hesitated and looked over his shoulder as the rear door opened. An older adult male grabbed the cocotte by her arm and dragged her from the cab throwing a $ 20 measure on the front place stating Bickle to bury about it. In the forenoon he returned to the cab company and the $ 20 measure, which lay untouched on the rider s place, Bickle crinkled up and set in his pocket with disgust. That dark on his following displacement a menu tells him to draw over to the kerb and points to a window in the edifice across the street with the silhouette of a adult female in it. He tells Bickle that the adult female is his married woman, she is holding an matter and describes in item that he is traveling to kill her with a forty-forty magnum, which arouses Bickle s involvement in guns. The following twenty-four hours one of Bickle s colleagues introduces him to an illegal gun salesman. Bickle ends up purchasing 4 guns and so begins demoing marks of compulsion. He invariably holds them and looks in the mirror while practising his draw and even builds a mechanical holster that undertakings the gun to his fingertips, from his arm at the flick of a carpus. A twosome of yearss subsequently during his displacement he about hits the cocotte named Iris, played by Jodie Foster, that was plucked from his cab followed by the $ 20 tip to bury about it. A few darks subsequently he is in a spirits shop and ends up killing a stealer that is trying to rob the spirits shop. The really grateful clerk took the gun from Travis and told him to acquire out of there and that he would take attention of it. After his displacement he spots the miss from the dark before, and wages to acquire her alone. When they got up to the room he tries to acquire her to retrieve the incident. She says she was stoned and doesn T want to go forth her state of affairs. She is appreciative and agrees to hold breakfast with him. The following forenoon Bickle continues to seek to acquire the miss to travel back place to her parents and even offers her money to travel. In an effort to happen his individuality and clean up the universe Travis Bickle makes an blackwash effort on Palantine which fails when the secret service sees him make into his coat for a gun. So alternatively, on his displacement that might he hit Iris s procurer, the hotel director that Iris works at and Iris s current client and in the procedure gets changeable twice. He so put the gun to his ain caput but there were no slugs left. At the terminal he is identified by the media as a hero and in a sense finds his individuality. In the concluding scene, he picks up a menu and it is the adult female from his crush as she takes involvement he becomes disinterested. When she gets out she sees that he is non interested and he tells her non to worry about the menu as he drives off. If I had to name the character played by Robert De Niro, I would decidedly state that he has borderline personality upset although he does hold symptoms of a twosome of other upsets described in chapter 10. I would state that he has borderline personality upset because he fits the four nucleus elements described by Morey in the text edition.

Free Essays on Casino Dispute

â€Å"Casino Dispute† If you live in the United States of America, does the constitution apply to everyone or just a certain race or group of people? I think that if you live here you must follow the same rules and regulations as every other American citizen or pay the consequences. The Native American people are building casinos on their reservations and are disputing whether or not they have to pay taxes like everyone else. I say they should because there is a popular statement that says, †You only have to do two things in life, pay taxes and die.† And just because our ancestors put them through hard times and killed off a lot of the Indians when they arrived in America doesn’t mean we owe them anything in the 21st century. I think the states that are holding these reservations with the casinos on them should have the right to tax them just as they do the African Americans, Hispanics, Caucasians or whatever race you are. We put the African Americans through a lot more hardships than we ever did the Natives and I strongly disagree with them not having to pay taxes like the rest of us! I am eighteen years old, and I was paying taxes before I became an adult. I know that is their land the government set aside for them to go about their lives on, but they are not even responsible enough to hold down a job. Because the statistics show that 50% of them are unemployed and 73% of them that do work make less than 9,000 a year. To me that is ridiculous because I am responsible enough to get up every morning, go to school and then to work. If they can’t find a job on the reservations getting paid more than that I would find a job with the rest of the population. I would have no problem with them not being taxed if it was on the reservation and only Indians that lived there could gamble, but they are doing this to attract people from all over and make 100% profit. I do think this is a positive thing for their community ... Free Essays on Casino Dispute Free Essays on Casino Dispute â€Å"Casino Dispute† If you live in the United States of America, does the constitution apply to everyone or just a certain race or group of people? I think that if you live here you must follow the same rules and regulations as every other American citizen or pay the consequences. The Native American people are building casinos on their reservations and are disputing whether or not they have to pay taxes like everyone else. I say they should because there is a popular statement that says, †You only have to do two things in life, pay taxes and die.† And just because our ancestors put them through hard times and killed off a lot of the Indians when they arrived in America doesn’t mean we owe them anything in the 21st century. I think the states that are holding these reservations with the casinos on them should have the right to tax them just as they do the African Americans, Hispanics, Caucasians or whatever race you are. We put the African Americans through a lot more hardships than we ever did the Natives and I strongly disagree with them not having to pay taxes like the rest of us! I am eighteen years old, and I was paying taxes before I became an adult. I know that is their land the government set aside for them to go about their lives on, but they are not even responsible enough to hold down a job. Because the statistics show that 50% of them are unemployed and 73% of them that do work make less than 9,000 a year. To me that is ridiculous because I am responsible enough to get up every morning, go to school and then to work. If they can’t find a job on the reservations getting paid more than that I would find a job with the rest of the population. I would have no problem with them not being taxed if it was on the reservation and only Indians that lived there could gamble, but they are doing this to attract people from all over and make 100% profit. I do think this is a positive thing for their community ...

Analysis Of Ancient Egyptian History History Essay

Analysis Of Ancient Egyptian History History Essay Ancient Egypt was known as the’Cradle of Civilization’. Egyptian civilization is a gift of the Nile River that flows from the northern part of Egypt to the Mediterranean Sea. The river nile was the longest river that located in the Northern Africa. According to historian, Egypt was the second and the oldest civilization in the world that was formed about 3000 B.C.E. The Egypt remains a very interesting history in terms of culture, religion, agriculture, powerful government, their economy, construction of buildings like the pyramids and so forth. Historically, Egypt is an old civilization that ruled by the 30 dynasty of pharaohs in 3100 B.C.E and 332 B.C.E , which it has been divided into the three most major time periods in Egypt, those kingdoms were; the Old kingdom, Middle kingdom and New kingdom. The history of timeline of Ancient Egypt Historians also have divided the time period of ancient Egyptian history to some of the period. The following periods were: Prehist oric ( – 3100 BCE), Early Dynastic Period ( 3000 – 2686), Old Kingdom ( 3000 – 2890), First Intermediate Period (2181 -2055), Middle Kingdom (2055-1650), Second Intermediate Period (1650-1550), New Kingdom (1550 – 1069), Third Intermediate Period (1069 – 664) and Late Period (664 – 332) Pharaoh The King of Egypt was called as Pharaoh, which in other words, â€Å"greatest house†. Pharaoh had absolute power over Egypt and is fully entitled. In the reign of the pharaoh, the Egyptians believed in the existence of God, where the pharaoh considered as god. Pharaoh is not only a political leader that was exalted by the society of Egypt, but he is also regarded as a religious leader as well. Social Organization Position of women Women have a unique status in the Egyptian civilization as it has its own rights. Women role is very important ancient Egypt as the wife and mother, and also its position has been considered precious. In the royal fam ily, the ancient Egyptian women not only became the wife of a pharaoh, or a god, but will become the mother of the pharaoh. Pharaoh could have more than one wife. Religion and beliefs of ancient Egypt Ancient Egyptian civilization is known as a religious center, as evidenced by the discovery of monuments and temples of the religious nature of ancient Egyptian society and beliefs. The Egyptian believed that the world was dominated by many gods to determine life and death of a life, which was also called as trust in polytheism. Each of the Egyptian god often associated with the natural elements such as Re (sun god), Ra-Atum (God’s Heaven) and Amun (Wind God). The Egytian worship the ‘spirit’ where it is believed to help them obtaining the benefits and avoid misfortune or natural disaster. For instance, the Egyptian society worships ‘plant spirit’ to get a good crop. Pharaoh was deemed to be the descendants of God, and because of these, Pharaoh regarded as the great god and has the right to do anything for the Egyptian society. Ancient Egyptian society believes that there is life after death. For them, the person who died will live again in the hereafter. Thus, they preserve bodies (mummification) and build a huge pyramid to keep the mummy of the pharaoh. Pyramid is considered as a meditative spirit, used to store treasures, such as the property of the pharaoh. Food and furniture are also stored in the pyramids because they believed that by doing so the spirit will live in the hereafter.ListenRead phoneticallyListen

Introduction to business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction to business - Assignment Example One of the key challenges which it reported lately is the resistance to its expansion in the urban areas. While the store is striving to gain market in the urban areas, it is facing many challenges and oppositions by companies, the government and also prominent individuals. The main reason as to why the store if facing so much resistance is due to its size and its control over the market. Wal-Mart can enter different markets in different countries through acquisitions, formation of joint ventures or even establishment of its own stores (Roberts & Berg, 192). Therefore, it poses a threat to the small scale businesses in the urban market. With Wal-Mart in the urban markets, many businesses fear that they may not be able to maintain the same market size as before. This is because; being a large store, it can acquire items at cheap costs and thus, charge cheap prices. On the other hand, the government resists Wal-Mart’s extension to the urban because the store is large and could p ose a competition to the government parastatals. Over the past years, study shows that Wal-Mart has been able to maintain excellent relations with different kinds of people. The store reported that all these nifty relationships between its buyers and all other institutions that it dealt with all arose out of trust (Soderquist, 165). It is through this building of trust that Wal-Mart was able to win the approval of zoning commissions and committees. The managers of the store also reported that they also won the approval through being a staunch and involved citizen in the United States of America. This was mainly through participation in the charitable giving and general caring of the communities (Soderquist, 190). Thus, the management of Wal-Mart changed its operations from entirely profit oriented goals to both service oriented and profit oriented objectives. A manager of the Store recently reported that the store creates a

Analytical Tools Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analytical Tools - Case Study Example This makes the analysis important in that it supports the process of by which the events are reported, investigated and relevant actions taken to help avoid the incidence (Ferrer & Thurman, 2009).   The identified airline flight data in my case study is events data report. This is a data that has all the events that took place during the flight process. This type of data is useful since it provides the actual occurrence of the journey with other airlines that take the same route. These include the prior preparations of the journey. These prior preparations include carrying the safety materials and equipment for the assurance of getting to the destination. This reports that contain data are carefully filled and safeguarded by the operations personnel of a particular flight. They are then incorporated in the flight data monitoring or the flight operational quality assurance program (Ferrer & Thurman, 2009).   Occurrence reports are contained in most of the airlines and are managed by the ground personnel. Today the safety tools are both conducted and applied by the ground personnel as opposed to the few years ago whereby the tools were only used by the cabin crew and personnel (Ferrer & Thurman, 2009).   Some airlines have gone a mile further to supplement the safety tools with confidential human factors reporting systems. The tools attend more to human factors as opposed to the details that are found in the typical airline reports. The reports are particularly encouraged by the crew members of the flight by exchanging the relevant safety information. This is one particular way of coordinating the information by getting the right one (Ferrer & Thurman, 2009).   Digital flight data is electronic in nature and hence easily transferable for long distances. These are the data that are recorded by the radar and hence worked upon. This particular data can be kept on very many airlines at a particular

Easter Island Essay Example for Free

Easter Island Essay In the article, â€Å"Who Killed Easter Island† by Jared Diamond he states that people can affect and destroy our environment and natural resources. Easter Island can be used as a warning that cultural and environmental dangers exist due to overexploitation. Although, civilizations have vanished from the island it still has a remaining mystery and history to its untouched landscape. Easter Island was formed out of an ancient volcanic eruption; the island is only sixty-four square miles with habitable land and subtropical weather that makes the soil fertile. Easter Island was name by the Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen, on Easter in 1722. Easter Island is famous for its tight-lipped statues that stand across the island, which were erected by the Rapa Nui people between the 10th and 16th centuries AD. These are ancient wonders of the world that are still being studied to get a full understanding of how and why these statues were created. From written history the explorer’s first impression of the island was that it was a waste because the people who lived on the island represented it as being of insufficient and ruthless to them. With all the current studies that have consumed the island many are fascinated with the history and abundance of Easter Island. Many questions have arisen to Easter Islands existence because the people who are putting time and effort are very interested and curious. They have come to conclusion that many of the natural resources of the island were used in order for the first settlers to survive from using the forests to gather food and build canoes and also using the ocean to fish and drink. Remains that have been left on the island have been from fish, porpoises, rats, birds from both the land and sea, and even seals have been linked to the food chain of the people of Easter Island. Researchers have also linked cannibalism to the people of Easter Islands’ meat consumption. With today’s rising population around the world we have been exhausting our natural resources to fish more, ruin our tropical forests and create more fossil fuel that if we do not learn to conserve more that we will not have left for our children of the future. After reading this article by Jared Diamond, it has given me a better understanding that we as humans can and are damaging our own personal environment. We already have many extinction of animals and plants in our society today that we are busting our butts to learn to preserve and protect them. We have over done our part from over fishing, hunting, cutting down trees from out vital rain forests, polluting our rivers and oceans only to satisfy our craving for that moment then to conserve and protect for the future of not only ourselves but also the remaining people who will walk on this earth. If Easter Island can be still a habitable piece of land but have no people living on the island then what are doing to the rest of the lands that we have readily available and use at our discretion. We have to protect and consume less for not only the people who are living today but also for the animals and plants that will be protecting us in the future. Everyone on this planet has created their own catastrophic environment for themselves. We have to fight harder in order for us to be able to use our resources for our children’s future and our children’s children’s future and so on. Many questions have to be asked and the answer have to be legit because we are building skyscrapers left to right but what land are we building it on and whose environment are destroying by having these skyscrapers built. We are only benefitting human life but not thinking of the animal and plant life that have help us to be where we are today. With the way that we live today there might not be anything left for anyone in the world but where do we start first?

The Important Message in Romero :: Movie Film Essays

The Important Message in Romero [1] Can film as a medium make any sense of History? Most of the time that seems not even to be the issue. So-called â€Å"historical† movies such as Pocahontas and Glory have been attacked for straying from the recorded facts of the events they portray in an attempt to tell a more attractive story. This practice has its roots in the movie-making process. Hollywood exists to make money, do not be fooled. Movies cost millions of dollars to film, print, release, and promote. Therefore, producers have little choice but to create movies that will appeal to as many moviegoers as possible in an effort to earn back the investment. To this end, moviemakers feel the need to take liberties with plot, characterizations, and historical accuracy to create a product that will sell. Hollywood favors drama and conflict, so when an historical story lacks one of these elements, it is often simply added for the sake of appeal. This practice falls under great scrutiny by those with a serious interest in the events that these movies portray. Because the better part of American viewers expect and demand stories told with the Hollywood spin, those films that attempt to stick doggedly to the facts generally do poorly in the box-office. [2] Many historical films, however, have found success while staying true to the facts. These films oftentimes come from producers, directors, and actors with a genuine concern for the events they deal with. Spike Lee certainly had a pointed interest in the making of Malcolm X, as did Tom Hanks in making Saving Private Ryan. Hanks’ emotional tie to the movie surfaced in his speech at the podium of the Oscars this past year when he urged Americans to support our veterans and reminded us of the gift they have given to our country. Passion such as Hanks’ from within the making of the movie can provide an energy and vibrance that appeals even more than cheap Hollywood tricks. Either way, the same dangers apply, because passion usually fosters strong opinions that create biases in recounting the facts. Biographies tend to radiate greatness; war movies tend to take sides; racial movies tend to invoke sympathy. The same passion that motivates these people to make hi storical movies can also lead to a perversion of the story’s historical facts.

Operations Management Review Questions

INTRODUCTION TO OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Spring 2012-ASSIGNMENT # 1 Name 1: ————————————————— ID # ———————————————— Name 2: ————————————————— ID # ———————————————— Question # 1 [15 Marks] Bob Richards, the production manager of Zychol Chemicals, is preparing his quarterly report, which is to include a productivity analysis for his department. One of the inputs is production data prepared by Sharon Walford, his operation analyst. The report, which she gave him this morning, showed the following. |2011 |2012 | |Production (units) |4,5 00 |6,000 | |Raw material used (barrel of petroleum by-products) |700 |900 | |Labor hour |22,000 |28,000 | |Capital cost applied to the department ($) |375,000 |620,000 |Bob new the his labor cost per hour has increased from average of $13 per hour to an average of $14 per hour, primarily due to a move by management to become more competitive with a new company that had just opened a plant in the area. He also knew that his average cost per barrel of raw material had increased from $320 to $360. He was concerned about the accounting procedures that increased his capital cost from $375,000 to $620,000, but earlier discussions with his boss suggested that there was nothing that could be done about the allocation. Bob wondered if his productivity had increased at all.He called Sharon into the office and conveyed the above information to her and asked her to prepare this part of the report. Discussion Question; 1- Prepare the productivity part of the report for Mr Richards. He probably expects some analysis of productivity inputs for all factors, as well as a multifactor analysis for both years with the change in productivity (up or down) and the amount noted. 2- Assume additional information related to the cost of production were available. The cost per unit for 2011 was $120 and for 2012 was $125. Considering the increase in the cost is there a change in multifactor productivity growth? Solution Q1:Question # 2 [15 Marks] Forecasts based on average. Given the following data: (Stevenson page 96) |Period |Number of Complaints | |1 |60 | |2 |65 | |3 |55 | |4 |58 | |5 |64 | Prepare a forecast using each of these approaches: a. The appropriate naive approach. [2 marks] b. A three period moving average. [3 marks] c. A weighted average using weight of 0. (most recent), 0. 3 and 0. 2. [4 marks] d. Exponential smoothing with a smoothing constant of 0. 4. [6 marks] Solution Q2: Question # 3 [15 Marks] Using seasonal relatives, Apple’s Citrus Fruit Farm ships boxed fruit anywhere in Middle East. Using the following information, forecast shipments for the first four months of next year. |Month |Seasonal Relatives |Month |Seasonal Relatives | |January |1. 2 |July |0. 8 | |February |1. 3 |August |0. | |March |1. 3 |September |0. 7 | |April |1. 1 |October |1. 0 | |May |0. 8 |November |1. 1 | |June |0. 7 |December |1. 4 | The monthly equation being used is Yt = 402 + 3t Where t = 0 correspond to January of two years ago Yt = Number of boxes of fruits expected to ship in month t. Solution Q3:Question # 4 [15 Marks] Consider the following two techniques for forecasting F1 and F2. The actual and the two sets of forecast are as follows |Period |Demand |F1 |F2 | |1 |68 |66 |66 | |2 |75 |68 |68 | |3 |70 |72 |70 | |4 |74 |71 |72 | |5 |69 |72 |74 | |6 |72 |70 |76 | |7 |80 |71 |78 | . Calculate the MAD, for each set of forecast. Given your results, which technique appears to be more accurate? Explain b. Calculate the MSE, for each set of forecast. Given you r results, which technique appears to be more accurate? c. Calculate the MAPE, for each set of forecast. Given your results, which technique appears to be more accurate? Solution Q4: Question # 5 [10 Marks] Rick Wing, salesperson for Wave Soldering Systems, Inc. (WSSI), has provided you with a proposal for improving the temperature control on your present machine.The machine uses a hot-air knife to cleanly remove excess solder from printed circuit boards; this is a great concept, but the hot-air temperature control lacks reliability. According to Wing, engineers at WSSI have improved the reliability of the critical temperature controls. The new system still has the four sensitive integrated circuits controlling the temperature, but the new machine has a backup for each. The four integrated circuits have reliabilities of 0. 90, 0. 92, 0. 94, and 0. 96. The four backup circuits all have a reliability of 0. 90. ) What is the reliability of the new temperature controller? b) If you pay a premium, Wing says he can improve all four of the backup units to 0. 93. What is the reliability of this option? Solution Q5: Question # 6 [15 Marks] A weather satellite has an expected life of 16 years from the time it is place into earth’s orbit. Determine its probability of failure after each of the following lengths of service. (Assume Exponential distribution is appropriate. ) [2. 5 marks each a, b, c, and d] a. More than 9 years b. Less than 12 years c. More than 9 years but less than 12 years . At least 21 years Solution Q6: Question # 7 [15 Marks] An office manager has received a report from a consultant that includes a section on equipment replacement. The report indicates the scanners have a service life time that is Normally distributed with a mean of 41 months and standard deviation of 4 months. On the basis of this information, determine the percentage of scanners can be expected to fail in the following time periods. a. Before 38 months of service b. Between 4 0 and 45 months of service c. Within 2 months of the mean life Solution Q7:

Swot Poland

SWOT analysis for wine in Poland This module assists exporters and BSOs in developing countries in becoming familiar with the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for a wine exporter planning to target the Polish market. It also helps DC exporters to make a SWOT analysis, specific to their company. A SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis helps you to audit your company in relation to market developments and competitors on selected markets.The SWOT shown below visualises external aspects (opportunities and threats) on the Polish market and internal aspects (strengths and weaknesses) of your company, both affecting your market entry. You are only in control of internal elements. You can adapt and improve their intrinsic quality according to market trends, and the resulting opportunities and threats, in your target markets. In Figure 1 you can find a SWOT analysis for a DC exporter of wine to Poland. Note that this analysis is generalised, and shoul d be used only as an example.The CBI Export Marketing Planner (available at http://www. cbi. eu) offers tools to help you make the SWOT analysis specific to your company and your target market. Firstly, the 5Ms methodology helps you audit your company on the basis of five variables; Men (human resources), Means (resources), Methods (management and process performance), Machines, and Measurables (marketing impact, customer and employee satisfaction, qualitative certifications). Secondly, you can apply the value chain approach to analyse all value-addition activities of your company.Identifying external factors is done through a market audit. The character of all these elements is that they are beyond your control. You cannot influence them. The market dictates the rules of the global play you are about to enter. The key question here is: can you deal with the market trends? Do the trends offer you chances or challenges for export success? Together with the competitor analysis, it wil l determine your decision on final market selection and market entry strategy. CBI modules on your product (group) offer a lot of information on market developments, threats and opportunities.The third tool offered by the Export Marketing Planner is the STEEP methodology. This is a comprehensive method for identifying opportunities and threats related to Socio-cultural factors, Technological factors (barriers), Economic factors, Environmental factors and Political factors related to trade. Source: CBI Market Information Database †¢ URL: www. cbi. eu †¢ Contact: [email  protected] eu †¢ www. cbi. eu/disclaimer SWOT analysis for wine in Poland Figure 1 SWOT analysis for wine to the Poland SWOT: DC EXPORTER OF WINE TO POLAND STRENGTHS †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢Availability of cheap land and raw materials Favourable climate Larger production volume Innovative character of wine compared to Old World wines Competitive price Availability of low-cost hu man resources Unique grape varieties †¢ †¢ WEAKNESSES Transportation costs Lack of (access to) capital (investment/working) and export insurance Lack of access to market intelligence Lack of export/management experience Lack of Quality Assurance Systems Lack of entrepreneurial capacity Lack of tacit knowledge †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ OPPORTUNITIES †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ A new wine market with expanding possibilities and un-established tastes Expanding market share of table wine The domination of cheap wine can make entry for some DC exporters easier Low import tariffs Emergence of small independent importers dealing with small volumes of wine Increased capacity for bulk imports (for producers of large quantities) Local producer networks; sharing of knowledge †¢ THREATS Dominance of semi-dry and sweet wines can limit distributors focusing on dryer varietiesHigh volume requirements by importing hypermarkets, which lay a dominant role in Poland DC s face competition from each other Cultural and language differences EU quality assurance and legislative requirements difficult for DC producers (e. g. adding sugar) Trust in Eastern European brands due to tradition Preference for cheap table wine as a threat to market integration of more premium wines †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ This survey was compiled for CBI by ProFound – Advisers In Development in cooperation with Theo Jansen Disclaimer CBI market information tools: http://www. cbi. eu/disclaimer Source: CBI Market Information Database †¢ URL: www. cbi. eu †¢ Contact: [email  protected] eu †¢ www. cbi. eu/disclaimer

Agriculture and Development †Biology Essay

Agriculture and Development – Biology Essay Free Online Research Papers Agriculture and Development Biology Essay Agriculture is in many parts of the world the main source of food and income of households. The role that agriculture plays in development has been debated during the last decades and the views about it are very diverse. Today, many authors consider agriculture as an essential factor for development and an important instrument for poverty alleviation. In my opinion access to land and water is an indispensable condition to ensure the livelihood of the poor. The current market conditions and the economic liberalisation process make it difficult for small farmers to compete with the international sphere, which led many people to move out of agriculture. Also, the market-driven economy has serious environmental consequences, which leads to the investment in the research of more sustainable agriculture methods. The question is if poor farmers will be able to acquire the new technologies and to adapt themselves to the new market conditions. In this essay larger participation of the rural poor, particularly of women, in the research of new agriculture technologies appears as a necessary condition for development. The case of Ghana is chosen in this essay to provide examples of how the main learning points of Chris Garforth’s presentation can be applied to real situations in the developing world. 1. Different views about Agriculture and Development. The theory about the role of agriculture in development presents currently different versions, as it was seen in Chris Garforth’s POD presentation. For some authors agriculture is a provider of raw material for the rest of the economic sectors and it is seen as a mere contributor to fuel economic development. This simplistic vision contrast with that of those who see agriculture as a essential instrument for industrialisation, allowing the transfer of capital to urban areas, stimulating the market and, thus, resulting in economic development. According to Norton (2004), most of economic theories of the last 50 years support industrialisation as the basis of economic development. Many governments supporting this theory saw liberalisation of agricultural goods as the key for economic growth, without taking into account the effect of dependency that the new system would create. Imports from foreign countries and long-term subsides, which stopped the development of some industrial sectors, created in developing countries strong links of dependency on others more powerful countries. Norton (2004) presents the case of Argentina as an example of this, whose imports substitution become one of the main important reason for the economic crisis that it is suffering today. One of the hottest topics related to the study of the agriculture’s role in development is if agriculture growth contributes or not to poverty reduction. Doward (2004) stresses two different views between those who think that it is necessary to find new alternative routes to poverty alleviation, due to the risks and constraints associated to agriculture, and those who think that agriculture should play a crucial role in economic growth and poverty reduction. For Kydd (2002) smallholder agriculture has a strategic importance, even though if economic development will result in a decline of the agriculture GDP and employment. In other words, when economic development occurs and poverty is reduced a decline of the agricultural sector can be seen, especially reflected through a fall in the labour. In Ghana for example, one of the main problems of agriculture is labour shortages, that have been exacerbated in the past few years by the migration of people trying to overcome poverty by moving out from agriculture (Duncan and Howell, 1992). The current literature about agriculture and development considers agriculture as an essential mean of poverty alleviation in the Third World, where about 720 millions of poor people live in rural areas (World Bank, in Norton, 2004). Norton (2004) argues that agriculture policies are important for governments since agriculture is the main source of food and income for many households in developing countries while also being connected with other sectors of the economy. The government of Ghana for example, within its development program ‘Vision 2020’, considers agriculture as the basis for rural development and poverty alleviation. Its Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA) recognises the importance that some crops, like cassava, have currently for the livelihood of smallholder farmers and calls for the identification of the most agricultural deprived areas, especially in Northern Ghana, to receive priority for resources allocation and development (FAO, 2004). In spite of it, and according to the IFAD (2001), the development assistance to agriculture has declined from 20 percent in the late 80s to 12 percent in the early 2000s. This, also, had negative consequences on the research of new agricultural techniques for development and poverty alleviation. This situation has been worsened by the present global trade relations and by the market-driven agricultural research. 2. The effects of the market on rural agriculture. The case of Ghana. The global economy and liberalisation has deep effects on agriculture, and especially on the economy of smallholders farmers in the Third World. New market arrangements have brought opportunities for some farmers, but also had negative impact on others, who can not compete with the low prices established by a liberalised trade. An example of this is the case of Ghana, which as many countries in Africa, suffered from a strong economic crisis during the 80s. The new international terms of trade and the increase of the world interest rates, together with internal causes (such as one of the worst drought periods of its history and political mismanagement) led to disastrous consequences on its agriculture. Ghana used to produce 37 percent of the world cocoa, which enormously decreased due to the imposition of high tax and to the fall of the cocoa world prices. This reduced the exports earning, which had strong effects on public expenditure and on investment in new infrastructures. The mos t affected by the crisis were small cocoa producers, who could not compete with the prices established by the international market (Duncan and Howell, 1992). Poor farmers not only have to compete with risks associated to natural phenomena (as drought, floods, etc.), but also with the high transaction costs derived from liberalisation which make them more vulnerable in the economic context (Omano and Farrington, 2004). International market arrangements greatly influence the rural poor livelihoods as it establishes the rules that may not allow them to play in the market. These rules are designed to benefit exclusively large commercial farmers, instead of rural smallholders farmers who have experienced a reduction in their incomes. Food prices are intimately connected to the world market in areas where the poor live. 3. Agriculture research for development. Smallholder farmers produce food which will be consumed by the poor, so rural agriculture is a key for the livelihoods of the majority of the world’s poorest people (Kydd, 2002). Therefore, agriculture is a central question of development and it needs the adoption of convenient technologies for the different rural population’s needs. The idea is that smallholder farmers will be able to increase their capacities to improve their living standard through their own efforts. Thus, rather than addressing the symptoms should be better to address the causes of poverty through the application of more appropriate agriculture methods to rural farmers. The commercialisation of agriculture has also led to a set of agriculture practices completely different from those of the last century. These changes are basically imposed by the new market demands and by the producers’ attempts to answer it. The new agricultural patterns involved a change in the research methods carried out by private organisations searching for more efficient production practices. In this context, advances in biothecnology in the last decades have focused on profitable markets, especially orientated to large commercial agriculture. According to Norton, (2004), irrigation alone cannot be the only basis to supply food to an increasing world population. Important advances have been made in GMO as a new alternative to food production in order to feed future generations. But the questions is to which extent GMO technologies developed for large farmers will be adopted by small farmers at low cost (Kydd, 2002). Poor farmers in the developing world have been offered little possibilities to adopt new technologies on time because they did not have the right market conditions. This is the reason why in the last years most rural farmers did not enjoy the benefits of the advances in agricultural technology. This situation has led to think about new systems more relevant to smallholder farmers and guided by their demands. The present trend is that farmers and researchers work together in the development of new agriculture technologies. Norton (2004) calls it as â€Å"participatory technology development†, where the farmers acquire the control and play a crucial role on agricultural development. Like in the years before industrialisation, small farmers have again in his hands the tools for technological change in agriculture, although this new participatory process is still in its development stage. In Ghana some programs – such as the Agriculture Services Sector Investment Programme (AGSSIP) are designed to empower and strengthen grassroots organisations, such as co-operatives and farmer groups, in order to provide better services to their members and to facilitate technology adoption, by improving access to inputs and facilitating marketing. The objective of AGSSIP is that rural people earn their own livelihoods through agriculture as a way of poverty alleviation (FAO, 2004). 4. Gender considerations. Due to the essential role that women are playing today on the economy of the household in developing countries, agriculture development research cannot ignore gender issues when designing new programs. Women in many countries produce a large part of the food crops of the households and they are essential for the family’s food security (IFAD, 2001). In the case of South of Ghana for example, with the advance of commercial farming, particularly of cocoa, the production of food crop became women’s sole responsibility, which was seen before as an exclusive men’s task. Also, with the migration of men, the number of household headed by women increased. By contrast, in the North where crop farming possibilities were more limited and most of families were influenced by the Islam culture, the role of women remained confined to household tasks (Duncan and Howell, 1991). Development workers in the last decades used to consult only male farmers in their development research, leaving a gap in the research programs as they did not take into consideration women’s knowledge, in spite of their contribution on agriculture. However, today it is said that poverty alleviation and hunger will significantly depend on the extent to which women have access to natural resources (land and water) and to the decision-making process (Norton, 2004). 5. Land and water management. Sustainable Agriculture. The access to land and water has been a historical source of conflicts. For the rural poor the access to these natural resources have been key for their subsistence and still it is in many areas of the developing world. In a global social context with a growing population, new systems to improve the access to arable land and pure water are continuously being studied. According to Norton (2004), about 2.4 billion people depend on irrigated agriculture for jobs, food and income. In the past, water was used as an infinite resource, but today the main aquifers in the world are being over-exploited putting in danger the livelihoods of millions of people. Many irrigation programs have not being efficient and in some cases have contributed to the depletion of the water resources and the degradation of some systems. Today the water development efforts are focused on three areas: efficiency, equity and sustainability. Involving farmers in the design of water management policies become a necessary requisite for successful development (Norton, 2004). Land tenure is another key factor for the wellbeing of the rural household, especially since –according to the World Bank (World Development Report 1998-99, Chris Garforth’s POD Outline for Session 3)- the world’s percentages of arable land per head is currently falling. The extent to which an individual or family can access to land will determine their living standard. People who have access to land have more opportunities for sustainable livelihoods, so in this context, customary forms of holding and managing land strongly influence policy. An efficient land management would obtain maximum productivity of land while respecting the traditional and ecologically sound indigenous knowledge about land management, pest and diseases. In the last few decades, land management has not been sustainable due to the attempts to increase production at expense of the environment. Intensive agriculture compromises the interests of future generations in many ways: polluting soil, water and atmosphere, salinity and irrigation, loss of biodiversity and putting in danger people’s health trough the abuse of fertilisers and pesticides (Shepherd, 1998). Although the use of pesticides has a minimal impact on people from developed countries, it emerges as a problem in developing nations, where its consumption is at low levels but highly concentrated. Children are particularly sensitive to the use of toxic products. According to Norton, (2004) there are 10.000 deaths per year related to use of pesticides. Due to this situation, research in agriculture are focused in developing new ways of feeding the world without damaging the environment and people’s health. The recommendations about more sustainable practices reject the use of industrial production methods, the involvement of farmers in the research and the incorporation of active resource conservation methods (Sepherd, 1998). But the reality is that still the global market arrangements represent important constraints to sustainable agriculture. Even when have been attempts toward more ecological practices, such as organic farms, the question is whether rural people will be able to adopt new methods to compete in the market. It will need the provision of subsidies to the rural smallholders, and particularly in those areas where the use of fertilisers is very high. Also, it will be necessary to transfer to the poor knowledge and infrastructure, and providing them with the right conditions in the market (Shepherd, 1998). Conclusion. Agriculture is still the main source of income of many rural areas in the Third World, so it should be the centre of programs for development. The extent to people have access to land and water sources will determine the wellbeing of rural families. Agriculture, therefore is still an essential factor to poverty alleviation and development. When a country can be self-reliant in its own raw materials for export and industrialisation it is ensured part of its own development. The dependency links that developing countries have with more powerful nations, since their colonial era, it is one of the deep-rooted causes of its underdevelopment. The current international market arrangements and the liberalisation process have a strong impact on the rural farmer. They cannot compete with the cheap prices imposed by large commercial farmers. New alternatives for the poor, like fair-trade, should be supported by national governments and international organisations, as WTO and the IMF. Prices of production should be real according to the production cost for small farmers. The new advances in technologies for sustainable agriculture will not be effective if they cannot be adopted by rural farmers in the Third World. Its adoption requires to provide them with the right market conditions, knowledge and infrastructures, otherwise rural people will keep exploiting in unsustainable ways the local natural resources, as the only way of survival. Sustainable agriculture only will be possible if it takes into account rural farmers’ knowledge about land management. Therefore, their participation is a necessary requisite in the research of new agriculture technologies. Moreover, women’s role in agriculture is an essential factor which has to be taken into consideration when designing new development programs for agriculture development. References. Bibliography. Duncan, A. Howell, J. (1992). Structural Adjustment and the African Farmer. London and Portsmouth: ODI, James Currey Ltd. Heinemann Educational Books, Inc. Garforth, C. (2004). POD Outline for Session 3: Agriculture, Economic Growth and Rural Development. Perspective on Development. International and Rural Development Department. Reading University. Norton, R. D. (2004). Agricultural Development Policy. Concepts and Experiences. Chichester: FAO John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Sepherd, A. (1998). Sustainable Rural Development. London New York: MacMillann Press Ltd. St. Martin’s Press, Inc. Webs. Doward, A. (2004). Agricultural growth, poverty and institutions: rethinking policy. id21.org/society/s5cad1g1.html (Viewed in April 2004) FAO (2004). Ghana. Case Study. fao.org/waicent/portal/outreach/livelihoods/en/ghana-en.html (Viewed in April 2004) IFAD (2001). Rural Poverty Report 2001: The Challenge of Ending Rural Poverty. ifad.org/poverty/index.htm (Viewed in April 2004) Kydd, J. (2002). ODI. Agriculture and Rural Livelihoods: Is Globalisation opening or blocking path out or Rural Poverty? Network Paper No. 121. odi.org/uk/agreu/papers/agrenpaper/121.pdf (Viewed in April 2004) Omano, S. W. Farrington, J. (2004). ODI. Policy Research and African Agriculture: Time for a Dose of Reality? No. 90. http//:www.odi.org.uk/nrp/90.pdf (Viewed in April 2004) Research Papers on Agriculture and Development - Biology EssayPETSTEL analysis of IndiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaOpen Architechture a white paperDefinition of Export QuotasRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andGenetic EngineeringBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfTwilight of the UAW

Consider the claims that Baudelaire makes and the points of argument Assignment

Consider the claims that Baudelaire makes and the points of argument that he makes - Assignment Example Instead, it posits the popular sense of being a mirror of the physical, visible world. However, at the same time to a fine artist, the photograph would depict a sensational piece of artwork depending to the title that it is given. If the title in totally sums up all the elements of the photograph without exaggeration or assumption, then it would much the fine art that Baudelaire talks about. The photograph does not show the element of surprise that would also symbolize a sense of beauty that comes with it. The photograph seems more or less dry, lacks taste and a sense of humor or wonder (85). This is due to lack of beauty that goes hand in hand with wonder and enthusiasm of scrutiny at the image as an image of mental reflection by the artist and the art lovers. As such the photograph is a qualification of the fact that photography cannot be allowed to deputize arts activities as it will altogether corrupt the good work of art. Photographs in many instances serve as a reminder of the many memories that the photographer would prefer to keep. The consideration of photography as an important part of the art does not reflect wholly on what fine art ought to be. Photographs in terms of artwork do not depict the amount of creativity of the photographer as much as painting would (86). This is because in photography, in most cases there is no a predetermined kind of thoughts and imagery that runs in ones mind as is mostly seen in the art of painting. As time goes by the scene of art has been corrupted as more and more elements are being considered as a piece of art so long as it is beautiful to the eye of the public. As a result, "art is losing in self-respect, is prostrating itself before external reality," (88) while the artists have become more inclined to works that are not driven by dream but what is appealing to the physical eye. The creativity of an

Medieval Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Medieval Philosophy - Essay Example In his illustrious Proslogion, Anselm longs for seeing the holy face of the Lord, which is, according to the Abrahamic mythology, impossible to do in this life on the earth. Consequently, idea about God can only be conceived and imagined, instead of seeing the countenance of the Lord. The theologian further expands his notion by stating the very fact that though the concept of God is much greater than human power to conceive, it does not put His existence in doubt altogether. Moreover, since God cannot be seen, but can be understood and imagined, it is somewhat a vehemently difficult thing to believe in someone unseen because of the deficient mental and physical faculties attributed to the human beings at large. Somehow, the fool would, according to Anselm, take the concept of God as an illusory matter in nature, which could only be supposed because of the characteristic of His concept, existing in the minds of the people only rather maintaining any reality in its scope. Since God has been in the fool’s understanding since long, but having no clear picture and image related to Him, the fool can understand His concept in the same manner as he conceives about the unreal objects that have no real existence in the world. Thus, having belief in the (Supreme) Being, unable to be conceived, is hard nut to crack for the fool.